D. Denis, Hawthorne and Sin, Christianity and Literature, vol.52, 2003.

E. Jonathan, Christian Doctrine of Original Sin Defended, 1966.

. Egan-kane-jr, The Adulteress in the Market-Place: Hawthorne and the Scarlet Letter, Studies in the Novel, vol.27, 1995.

G. Herbert and . Hawthorne, A Study in Solitude, 1927.

H. Pearson-norman, The Hawthorne Treasury: The Complete Novels and Selected Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1999.